110 lines
8.2 KiB
Text
110 lines
8.2 KiB
Text
[[_oidc]]
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=== OpenID Connect
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link:https://openid.net/connect/[OpenID Connect] (OIDC) is an authentication protocol that is an extension of link:https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749[OAuth 2.0].
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While OAuth 2.0 is only a framework for building authorization protocols and is mainly incomplete, OIDC is a full-fledged authentication and authorization
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protocol. OIDC also makes heavy use of the link:https://jwt.io[Json Web Token] (JWT) set of standards. These standards define an
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identity token JSON format and ways to digitally sign and encrypt that data in a compact and web-friendly way.
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There are really two types of use cases when using OIDC. The first is an application that asks the {project_name} server to authenticate
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a user for them. After a successful login, the application will receive an _identity token_ and an _access token_. The _identity token_
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contains information about the user such as username, email, and other profile information. The _access token_ is digitally signed by
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the realm and contains access information (like user role mappings) that the application can use to determine what resources the user
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is allowed to access on the application.
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The second type of use cases is that of a client that wants to gain access to remote services. In this case, the client asks {project_name}
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to obtain an _access token_ it can use to invoke on other remote services on behalf of the user. {project_name} authenticates the user
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then asks the user for consent to grant access to the client requesting it. The client then receives the _access token_. This _access token_
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is digitally signed by the realm. The client can make REST invocations on remote services using this _access token_. The REST service
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extracts the _access token_, verifies the signature of the token, then decides based on access information within the token whether or not to process
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the request.
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[[_oidc-auth-flows]]
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==== OIDC Auth Flows
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OIDC has different ways for a client or application to authenticate a user and receive an _identity_ and _access_ token. Which
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path you use depends greatly on the type of application or client requesting access. All of these flows are described in the
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OIDC and OAuth 2.0 specifications so only a brief overview will be provided here.
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===== Authorization Code Flow
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This is a browser-based protocol and it is what we recommend you use to authenticate and authorize browser-based applications. It makes
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heavy use of browser redirects to obtain an _identity_ and _access_ token. Here's a brief summary:
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. Browser visits application. The application notices the user is not logged in, so it redirects the browser to {project_name}
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to be authenticated. The application passes along a callback URL (a redirect URL) as a query parameter in this browser redirect
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that {project_name} will use when it finishes authentication.
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. {project_name} authenticates the user and creates a one-time, very short lived, temporary code. {project_name}
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redirects back to the application using the callback URL provided earlier and additionally adds the temporary code
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as a query parameter in the callback URL.
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. The application extracts the temporary code and makes a background out of band REST invocation to {project_name}
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to exchange the code for an _identity_, _access_ and _refresh_ token. Once this temporary code has been used once
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to obtain the tokens, it can never be used again. This prevents potential replay attacks.
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It is important to note that _access_ tokens are usually short lived and often expired after only minutes. The additional _refresh_
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token that was transmitted by the login protocol allows the application to obtain a new access token after it expires. This
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refresh protocol is important in the situation of a compromised system. If access tokens are short lived, the whole system is only
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vulnerable to a stolen token for the lifetime of the access token. Future refresh token requests will fail if an admin
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has revoked access. This makes things more secure and more scalable.
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[[_confidential-clients]]
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Another important aspect of this flow is the concept of a _public_ vs. a _confidential_ client. _Confidential_ clients are required
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to provide a client secret when they exchange the temporary codes for tokens. _Public_ clients are not required to provide this client secret.
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_Public_ clients are perfectly fine so long as HTTPS is strictly enforced and you are very strict about what redirect URIs are registered for the
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client. HTML5/JavaScript clients always have to be _public_ clients because there is no way to transmit the client secret to them in a secure
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manner. Again, this is ok so long as you use HTTPS and strictly enforce redirect URI registration. This guide goes more detail
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into this in the <<_clients, Managing Clients>> chapter.
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{project_name} also supports the optional https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7636[Proof Key for Code Exchange] specification.
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===== Implicit Flow
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This is a browser-based protocol that is similar to Authorization Code Flow except there are fewer requests and no refresh tokens involved.
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We do not recommend this flow as there remains the possibility of _access_ tokens being leaked in the browser history as tokens are transmitted
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via redirect URIs (see below). Also, since this flow doesn't provide the client with a refresh token, access tokens would either have to
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be long-lived or users would have to re-authenticate when they expired. This flow is supported because it is in the OIDC and OAuth 2.0 specification.
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Here's a brief summary of the protocol:
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. Browser visits application. The application notices the user is not logged in, so it redirects the browser to {project_name}
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to be authenticated. The application passes along a callback URL (a redirect URL) as a query parameter in this browser redirect
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that {project_name} will use when it finishes authentication.
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. {project_name} authenticates the user and creates an _identity_ and _access_ token. {project_name}
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redirects back to the application using the callback URL provided earlier and additionally adding the _identity_ and
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_access_ tokens as query parameters in the callback URL.
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. The application extracts the _identity_ and _access_ tokens from the callback URL.
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===== Resource Owner Password Credentials Grant (Direct Access Grants)
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This is referred to in the Admin Console as _Direct Access Grants_. This is used by REST clients that want to obtain a token on behalf of a user. It is one HTTP POST request that contains
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the credentials of the user as well as the id of the client and the client's secret (if it is a confidential client). The user's credentials
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are sent within form parameters. The HTTP response contains
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_identity_, _access_, and _refresh_ tokens.
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[[_client_credentials_grant]]
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===== Client Credentials Grant
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This is also used by REST clients, but instead of obtaining a token that works on behalf
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of an external user, a token is created based on the metadata and permissions of a service account that is associated with the client.
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More info together with example is in <<_service_accounts,Service Accounts>> chapter.
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==== {project_name} Server OIDC URI Endpoints
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Here's a list of OIDC endpoints that the {project_name} publishes. These URLs are useful if you are using a non-{project_name} client adapter to
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talk OIDC with the auth server. These are all relative URLs and the root of the URL being the HTTP(S) protocol, hostname, and usually path prefixed with
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_/auth_: i.e. $$https://localhost:8080/auth$$
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/realms/{realm-name}/protocol/openid-connect/auth::
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This is the URL endpoint for obtaining a temporary code in the Authorization Code Flow or for obtaining tokens via the
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Implicit Flow, Direct Grants, or Client Grants.
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/realms/{realm-name}/protocol/openid-connect/token::
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This is the URL endpoint for the Authorization Code Flow to turn a temporary code into a token.
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/realms/{realm-name}/protocol/openid-connect/logout::
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This is the URL endpoint for performing logouts.
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/realms/{realm-name}/protocol/openid-connect/userinfo::
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This is the URL endpoint for the User Info service described in the OIDC specification.
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/realms/{realm-name}/protocol/openid-connect/revoke::
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This is the URL endpoint for OAuth 2.0 Token Revocation described in https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7009[RFC7009].
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In all of these replace _{realm-name}_ with the name of the realm.
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