Keycloak can federate external user databases. Out of the box we have support for LDAP and Active Directory. Before you dive into this, you should understand how Keycloak does federation. Keycloak performs federation a bit differently than other products/projects. The vision of Keycloak is that it is an out of the box solution that should provide a core set of feature irregardless of the backend user storage you want to use. Because of this requirement/vision, Keycloak has a set data model that all of its services use. Most of the time when you want to federate an external user store, much of the metadata that would be needed to provide this complete feature set does not exist in that external store. For example your LDAP server may only provide password validation, but not support TOTP or user role mappings. The Keycloak User Federation SPI was written to support these completely variable configurations. The way user federation works is that Keycloak will import your federated users on demand to its local storage. How much metadata that is imported depends on the underlying federation plugin and how that plugin is configured. Some federation plugins may only import the username into Keycloak storage, others might import everything from name, address, and phone number, to user role mappings. Some plugins might want to import credentials directly into Keycloak storage and let Keycloak handle credential validation. Others might want to handle credential validation themselves. The goal of the Federation SPI is to support all of these scenarios.

Keycloak comes with a built-in LDAP/AD plugin. Currently it is set up only to import username, email, first and last name. It supports password validation via LDAP/AD protocols and different user metadata synchronization modes. To configure a federated LDAP store go to the admin console. Click on the Users menu option to get you to the user management page. Then click on the Federation submenu option. When you get to this page there is an "Add Provider" select box. You should see "ldap" within this list. Selecting "ldap" will bring you to the ldap configuration page.

Edit mode defines various synchronization options with your LDAP store depending on what privileges you have. READONLY Username, email, first and last name will be unchangable. Keycloak will show an error anytime anybody tries to update these fields. Also, password updates will not be supported. WRITABLE Username, email, first and last name, and passwords can all be updated and will be synchronized automatically with your LDAP store. UNSYNCED Any changes to username, email, first and last name, and passwords will be stored in Keycloak local storage. It is up to you to figure out how to synchronize back to LDAP.

Display Name Name used when this provider is referenced in the admin console Priority The priority of this provider when looking up users or for adding registrations. Sync Registrations If a new user is added through a registration page or admin console, should the user be eligible to be synchronized to this provider. Other options The rest of the configuration options should be self explanatory. You can use tooltips in admin console to see some more details about them.

LDAP Federation Provider will automatically take care of synchronization (import) of needed LDAP users into Keycloak database. For example once you first authenticate LDAP user john from Keycloak UI, LDAP Federation provider will first import this LDAP user into Keycloak database and then authenticate against LDAP password. Federation Provider imports just requested users by default, so if you click to View all users in Keycloak admin console, you will see just those LDAP users, which were already authenticated/requested by Keycloak. If you want to sync all LDAP users into Keycloak database, you may configure and enable Sync, which is in admin console on same page like the configuration of Federation provider itself. There are 2 types of sync: Full sync This will synchronize all LDAP users into Keycloak DB. Those LDAP users, which already exist in Keycloak and were changed in LDAP directly will be updated in Keycloak DB (For example if user Mary Kelly was changed in LDAP to Mary Doe). Changed users sync This will check LDAP and it will sync into Keycloak just those users, which were created or updated in LDAP from the time of last sync. In usual cases you may want to trigger full sync at the beginning, so you will import all LDAP users to Keycloak just once. Then you may setup periodic sync of changed users, so Keycloak will periodically ask LDAP server for newly created or updated users and backport them to Keycloak DB. Also you may want to trigger full sync again after some longer time or setup periodic full sync as well. In admin console, you can trigger sync directly or you can enable periodic changed or full sync.

The keycloak examples directory contains an example of a simple User Federation Provider backed by a simple properties file. See examples/providers/federation-provider. Most of how to create a federation provider is explain directly within the example code, but some information is here too. Writing a User Federation Provider starts by implementing the UserFederationProvider and UserFederationProviderFactory interfaces. Please see the Javadoc and example for complete details on how to do this. Some important methods of note: getUserByUsername() and getUserByEmail() require that you query your federated storage and if the user exists create and import the user into Keycloak storage. How much metadata you import is fully up to you. This import is done by invoking methods on the object returned KeycloakSession.userStorage() to add and import user information. The proxy() method will be called whenever Keycloak has found an imported UserModel. This allows the federation provider to proxy the UserModel which is useful if you want to support external storage updates on demand. After your code is written you must package up all your classes within a JAR file. This jar file must contain a file called org.keycloak.models.UserFederationProviderFactory within the META-INF/services directory of the JAR. This file is a list of fully qualified classnames of all implementations of UserFederationProviderFactory. This is how Keycloak discovers which providers have been deployed. Place the JAR in the keycloak WAR deployment in the WEB-INF/lib directory.