[[_javascript_adapter]]
=== JavaScript Adapter

{project_name} comes with a client-side JavaScript library that can be used to secure HTML5/JavaScript applications. The JavaScript adapter has built-in support for Cordova applications.

The library can be retrieved directly from the {project_name} server at `/auth/js/keycloak.js` and is also distributed as a ZIP archive.

A best practice is to load the JavaScript adapter directly from {project_name} Server as it will automatically be updated when you upgrade the server. If you copy the adapter to your web application instead, make sure you upgrade the adapter only after you have upgraded the server.

One important thing to note about using client-side applications is that the client has to be a public client as there is no secure way to store client
credentials in a client-side application. This makes it very important to make sure the redirect URIs you have configured for the client are correct and as specific as possible.

To use the JavaScript adapter you must first create a client for your application in the {project_name} Administration Console. Make sure `public`
is selected for `Access Type`.

You also need to configure valid redirect URIs and valid web origins. Be as specific as possible as failing to do so may result in a security vulnerability.

Once the client is created click on the `Installation` tab select `Keycloak OIDC JSON` for `Format Option` then click `Download`. The downloaded
`keycloak.json` file should be hosted on your web server at the same location as your HTML pages.

Alternatively, you can skip the configuration file and manually configure the adapter.

The following example shows how to initialize the JavaScript adapter:

[source,html]
----
<head>
    <script src="keycloak.js"></script>
    <script>
        var keycloak = Keycloak();
        keycloak.init().then(function(authenticated) {
            alert(authenticated ? 'authenticated' : 'not authenticated');
        }).catch(function() {
            alert('failed to initialize');
        });
    </script>
</head>
----

If the `keycloak.json` file is in a different location you can specify it:

[source,javascript]
----
var keycloak = Keycloak('http://localhost:8080/myapp/keycloak.json');
----

Alternatively, you can pass in a JavaScript object with the required configuration instead:

[source,javascript]
----
var keycloak = Keycloak({
    url: 'http://keycloak-server/auth',
    realm: 'myrealm',
    clientId: 'myapp'
});
----

By default to authenticate you need to call the `login` function. However, there are two options available to make the adapter automatically authenticate. You
can pass `login-required` or `check-sso` to the init function. `login-required` will authenticate the client if the user is logged-in to {project_name}
or display the login page if not. `check-sso` will only authenticate the client if the user is already logged-in, if the user is not logged-in the browser will be
redirected back to the application and remain unauthenticated.

To enable `login-required` set `onLoad` to `login-required` and pass to the init method:

[source,javascript]
----
keycloak.init({ onLoad: 'login-required' })
----

After the user is authenticated the application can make requests to RESTful services secured by {project_name} by including the bearer token in the
`Authorization` header. For example:

[source,javascript]
----
var loadData = function () {
    document.getElementById('username').innerText = keycloak.subject;

    var url = 'http://localhost:8080/restful-service';

    var req = new XMLHttpRequest();
    req.open('GET', url, true);
    req.setRequestHeader('Accept', 'application/json');
    req.setRequestHeader('Authorization', 'Bearer ' + keycloak.token);

    req.onreadystatechange = function () {
        if (req.readyState == 4) {
            if (req.status == 200) {
                alert('Success');
            } else if (req.status == 403) {
                alert('Forbidden');
            }
        }
    }

    req.send();
};
----

One thing to keep in mind is that the access token by default has a short life expiration so you may need to refresh the access token prior to sending the
request. You can do this by the `updateToken` method. The `updateToken` method returns a promise object which makes it easy to invoke the service only if the
token was successfully refreshed and for example display an error to the user if it wasn't. For example:

[source,javascript]
----
keycloak.updateToken(30).then(function() {
    loadData();
}).catch(function() {
    alert('Failed to refresh token');
});
----

==== Session Status iframe

By default, the JavaScript adapter creates a hidden iframe that is used to detect if a Single-Sign Out has occurred.
This does not require any network traffic, instead the status is retrieved by looking at a special status cookie.
This feature can be disabled by setting `checkLoginIframe: false` in the options passed to the `init` method.

You should not rely on looking at this cookie directly. Its format can change and it's also associated with the URL of the {project_name} server, not
your application.

[[_javascript_implicit_flow]]
==== Implicit and Hybrid Flow

By default, the JavaScript adapter uses the https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-core-1_0.html#CodeFlowAuth[Authorization Code] flow.

With this flow the {project_name} server returns an authorization code, not an authentication token, to the application. The JavaScript adapter exchanges
the `code` for an access token and a refresh token after the browser is redirected back to the application.

{project_name} also supports the https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-core-1_0.html#ImplicitFlowAuth[Implicit] flow where an access token
is sent immediately after successful authentication with {project_name}. This may have better performance than standard flow, as there is no additional
request to exchange the code for tokens, but it has implications when the access token expires.

However, sending the access token in the URL fragment can be a security vulnerability. For example the token could be leaked through web server logs and or
browser history.

To enable implicit flow, you need to enable the `Implicit Flow Enabled` flag for the client in the {project_name} Administration Console.
You also need to pass the parameter `flow` with value `implicit` to `init` method:

[source,javascript]
----
keycloak.init({ flow: 'implicit' })
----

One thing to note is that only an access token is provided and there is no refresh token. This means that once the access token has expired the application
has to do the redirect to the {project_name} again to obtain a new access token.

{project_name} also supports the https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-core-1_0.html#HybridFlowAuth[Hybrid] flow.

This requires the client to have both the `Standard Flow Enabled` and `Implicit Flow Enabled` flags enabled in the admin console.
The {project_name} server will then send both the code and tokens to your application.
The access token can be used immediately while the code can be exchanged for access and refresh tokens.
Similar to the implicit flow, the hybrid flow is good for performance because the access token is available immediately.
But, the token is still sent in the URL, and the security vulnerability mentioned earlier may still apply.

One advantage in the Hybrid flow is that the refresh token is made available to the application.

For the Hybrid flow, you need to pass the parameter `flow` with value `hybrid` to the `init` method:

[source,javascript]
----
keycloak.init({ flow: 'hybrid' })
----

[#hybrid-apps-with-cordova]
==== Hybrid Apps with Cordova

Keycloak support hybird mobile apps developed with https://cordova.apache.org/[Apache Cordova]. The Javascript adapter has two modes for this: `cordova` and `cordova-native`:

The default is cordova, which the adapter will automatically select if no adapter type has been configured and window.cordova is present.
When logging in, it will open an https://cordova.apache.org/docs/en/latest/reference/cordova-plugin-inappbrowser/[InApp Browser] that lets the user interact with {project_name} and afterwards returns to the app by redirecting to `http://localhost`. Because of this, you must whitelist this URL as a valid redirect-uri in the client configuration section of the Administration Console.

While this mode is easy to setup, it also has some disadvantages:
* The InApp-Browser is a browser embedded in the app and is not the phone's default browser. Therefore it will have different settings and stored credentials will not be available.
* The InApp-Browser might also be slower, especially when rendering more complex themes.
* There are security concerns to consider, before using this mode, such as that it is possible for the app to gain access to the credentials of the user, as it has full control of the browser rendering the login page, so do not allow its use in apps you do not trust.

Use this example app to help you get started: https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak/tree/master/examples/cordova

The alternative mode `cordova-nativei` takes a different approach. 
It opens the login page using the system's browser. 
After the user has authenticated, the browser redirects back into the app using a special URL.
From there, the {project_name} adapter can finish the login by reading the code or token from the URL.

You can activate the native mode by passing the adater type `cordova-native` to the `init` method:

[source,javascript]
----
keycloak.init({ adapter: 'cordova-native' })
----

This adapter required two additional plugins:

* https://github.com/google/cordova-plugin-browsertab[cordova-plugin-browsertab]: allows the app to open webpages in the system's browser
* https://github.com/e-imaxina/cordova-plugin-deeplinks[cordova-plugin-deeplinks]: allow the browser to redirect back to your app by special URLs

The technical details for linking to an app differ on each plattform and special setup is needed.
Please refer to the Android and iOS sections of the https://github.com/e-imaxina/cordova-plugin-deeplinks/blob/master/README.md[deeplinks plugin documentation] for further instructions.

There are different kinds of links for opening apps: custom schemes (i.e. `myapp://login` or `android-app://com.example.myapp/https/example.com/login`) and https://developer.apple.com/ios/universal-links/[Universal Links (iOS)]) / https://developer.android.com/training/app-links/deep-linking[Deep Links (Android)].
While the former are easier to setup and tend to work more reliably, the later offer extra security as they are unique and only the owner of a domain can register them.
Custom-URLs are deprecated on iOS. 
We recommend that you use universal links, combined with a fallback site with a custom-url link on it for best reliability.

Furthermore, we recommend the following steps to improve compatibility with the Keycloak Adapter:

* Universal Links on iOS seem to work more reliably with `response-mode` set to `query`
* To prevent Android from opening a new instance of your app on redirect add the following snippet to `config.xml`:
[source,xml]
----
<preference name="AndroidLaunchMode" value="singleTask" /> 
----

There is an example app that shows how to use the native-mode: https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak/tree/master/examples/cordova-native

==== Earlier Browsers

The JavaScript adapter depends on Base64 (window.btoa and window.atob), HTML5 History API and optionally the Promise API.
If you need to support browsers that do not have these available (for example, IE9) you need to add polyfillers.

Example polyfill libraries:

* Base64 - https://github.com/davidchambers/Base64.js
* HTML5 History - https://github.com/devote/HTML5-History-API
* Promise - https://github.com/stefanpenner/es6-promise

==== JavaScript Adapter Reference

===== Constructor

[source,javascript]
----
new Keycloak();
new Keycloak('http://localhost/keycloak.json');
new Keycloak({ url: 'http://localhost/auth', realm: 'myrealm', clientId: 'myApp' });
----

===== Properties

authenticated::
    Is `true` if the user is authenticated, `false` otherwise.

token::
    The base64 encoded token that can be sent in the `Authorization` header in requests to services.

tokenParsed::
    The parsed token as a JavaScript object.

subject::
    The user id.

idToken::
    The base64 encoded ID token.

idTokenParsed::
    The parsed id token as a JavaScript object.

realmAccess::
    The realm roles associated with the token.

resourceAccess::
    The resource roles associated with the token.

refreshToken::
    The base64 encoded refresh token that can be used to retrieve a new token.

refreshTokenParsed::
    The parsed refresh token as a JavaScript object.

timeSkew::
    The estimated time difference between the browser time and the {project_name} server in seconds. This value is just an estimation, but is accurate
    enough when determining if a token is expired or not.

responseMode::
    Response mode passed in init (default value is fragment).

flow::
    Flow passed in init.
    
adapter::
    Allows you to override the way that redirects and other browser-related functions will be handled by the library.
    Available options:
    * "default" - the library uses the browser api for redirects (this is the default)
    * "cordova" - the library will try to use the InAppBrowser cordova plugin to load keycloak login/registration pages (this is used automatically when the library is working in a cordova ecosystem)
    * "cordova-native" - the library tries to open the login and registration page using the phone's system browser using the BrowserTabs cordova plugin. This requires extra setup for redirecting back to the app (see <<hybrid-apps-with-cordova>>).
    * custom - allows you to implement a custom adapter (only for advanced use cases)

responseType::
    Response type sent to {project_name} with login requests. This is determined based on the flow value used during initialization, but can be overridden by setting this value.

===== Methods

====== init(options)

Called to initialize the adapter.

Options is an Object, where:

* onLoad - Specifies an action to do on load. Supported values are 'login-required' or 'check-sso'.
* token - Set an initial value for the token.
* refreshToken - Set an initial value for the refresh token.
* idToken - Set an initial value for the id token (only together with token or refreshToken).
* timeSkew - Set an initial value for skew between local time and {project_name} server in seconds (only together with token or refreshToken).
* checkLoginIframe - Set to enable/disable monitoring login state (default is true).
* checkLoginIframeInterval - Set the interval to check login state (default is 5 seconds).
* responseMode - Set the OpenID Connect response mode send to {project_name} server at login request. Valid values are query or fragment . Default value is fragment, which means that after successful authentication will {project_name} redirect to javascript application with OpenID Connect parameters added in URL fragment. This is generally safer and recommended over query.
* flow - Set the OpenID Connect flow. Valid values are standard, implicit or hybrid.
* promiseType - If set to `native` all methods returning a promise will return a native JavaScript promise. If not set will return Keycloak specific promise objects.

Returns promise to set functions to be invoked on success or error.

====== login(options)

Redirects to login form on (options is an optional object with redirectUri and/or prompt fields).

Options is an Object, where:

* redirectUri - Specifies the uri to redirect to after login.
* prompt - This parameter allows to slightly customize the login flow on the {project_name} server side.
For example enforce displaying the login screen in case of value `login`. See link:#_params_forwarding[Parameters Forwarding Section]
for the details and all the possible values of the `prompt` parameter.
* maxAge - Used just if user is already authenticated. Specifies maximum time since the authentication of user happened. If user is already authenticated for longer time than `maxAge`, the SSO is ignored and he will need to re-authenticate again.
* loginHint - Used to pre-fill the username/email field on the login form.
* scope - Used to forward the scope parameter to the {project_name} login endpoint. Use a space-delimited list of scopes. Those typically
reference link:{adminguide_link}#_client_scopes[Client scopes] defined on particular client. Note that the scope `openid` will be
always be added to the list of scopes by the adapter. For example, if you enter the scope options `address phone`, then the request
to {project_name} will contain the scope parameter `scope=openid address phone`.
* idpHint - Used to tell {project_name} to skip showing the login page and automatically redirect to the specified identity
provider instead. More info in the link:{adminguide_link}#_client_suggested_idp[Identity Provider documentation].
* action - If value is 'register' then user is redirected to registration page, otherwise to login page.
* locale - Sets the 'ui_locales' query param in compliance with section 3.1.2.1 of the OIDC 1.0 specification.
* kcLocale - Specifies the desired Keycloak locale for the UI.  This differs from the locale param in that it tells the Keycloak server to set a cookie and update the user's profile to a new preferred locale.
* cordovaOptions - Specifies the arguments that are passed to the Cordova in-app-browser (if applicable). Options `hidden` and `location` are not affected by these arguments. All available options are defined at https://cordova.apache.org/docs/en/latest/reference/cordova-plugin-inappbrowser/. Example of use: `{ zoom: "no", hardwareback: "yes" }`;

====== createLoginUrl(options)

Returns the URL to login form on (options is an optional object with redirectUri and/or prompt fields).

Options is an Object, which supports same options like the function `login` .

====== logout(options)

Redirects to logout.

Options is an Object, where:

* redirectUri - Specifies the uri to redirect to after logout.

====== createLogoutUrl(options)

Returns the URL to logout the user.

Options is an Object, where:

* redirectUri - Specifies the uri to redirect to after logout.

====== register(options)

Redirects to registration form. Shortcut for login with option action = 'register'

Options are same as for the login method but 'action' is set to 'register'

====== createRegisterUrl(options)

Returns the url to registration page. Shortcut for createLoginUrl with option action = 'register'

Options are same as for the createLoginUrl method but 'action' is set to 'register'

====== accountManagement()

Redirects to the Account Management Console.

====== createAccountUrl()

Returns the URL to the Account Management Console.

====== hasRealmRole(role)

Returns true if the token has the given realm role.

====== hasResourceRole(role, resource)

Returns true if the token has the given role for the resource (resource is optional, if not specified clientId is used).

====== loadUserProfile()

Loads the users profile.

Returns promise to set functions to be invoked if the profile was loaded successfully, or if the profile could not be
loaded.

For example:

[source,javascript]
----
keycloak.loadUserProfile().then(function(profile) {
        alert(JSON.stringify(profile, null, "  "));
    }).catch(function() {
        alert('Failed to load user profile');
    });
----

====== isTokenExpired(minValidity)

Returns true if the token has less than minValidity seconds left before it expires (minValidity is optional, if not specified 0 is used).

====== updateToken(minValidity)

If the token expires within minValidity seconds (minValidity is optional, if not specified 5 is used) the token is refreshed.
If the session status iframe is enabled, the session status is also checked.

Returns promise to set functions that can be invoked if the token is still valid, or if the token is no longer valid.
For example:

[source,javascript]
----
keycloak.updateToken(5).then(function(refreshed) {
        if (refreshed) {
            alert('Token was successfully refreshed');
        } else {
            alert('Token is still valid');
        }
    }).catch(function() {
        alert('Failed to refresh the token, or the session has expired');
    });
----

====== clearToken()

Clear authentication state, including tokens.
This can be useful if application has detected the session was expired, for example if updating token fails.

Invoking this results in onAuthLogout callback listener being invoked.

===== Callback Events

The adapter supports setting callback listeners for certain events.

For example:
[source,javascript]
----
keycloak.onAuthSuccess = function() { alert('authenticated'); }
----

The available events are:

* onReady(authenticated) - Called when the adapter is initialized.
* onAuthSuccess - Called when a user is successfully authenticated.
* onAuthError - Called if there was an error during authentication.
* onAuthRefreshSuccess - Called when the token is refreshed.
* onAuthRefreshError - Called if there was an error while trying to refresh the token.
* onAuthLogout - Called if the user is logged out (will only be called if the session status iframe is enabled, or in Cordova mode).
* onTokenExpired - Called when the access token is expired. If a refresh token is available the token can be refreshed with updateToken, or in cases where it is not (that is, with implicit flow) you can redirect to login screen to obtain a new access token.
