363 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
363 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
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# Introduction
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The Keycloak JUnit 5 test framework makes it easy to write tests for Keycloak and extensions. Behind the scenes the
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framework handles the lifecycle of Keycloak, the database, and any injected resources such as realms and clients.
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Tests simply declare what they want, including specific configuration, and the framework takes care of the rest.
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# Writing tests
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An example is better than a lot of words, so here is a very basic test:
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```java
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@KeycloakIntegrationTest
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public class BasicTest {
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@InjectRealm
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ManagedRealm realm;
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@Test
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public void test() {
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Assertions.assertEquals("default", realm.getName());
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Assertions.assertEquals(0, realm.admin().users().list().size());
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}
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}
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```
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## Resource lifecycle
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Managed resources can have the following life-cycles:
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* Global - Shared across multiple test classes
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* Class - Shared across multiple test methods within the same test class
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* Method - Only used for a single test method
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The framework handles the lifecycle accordingly to how it is configured in the annotation, or the default lifecycle
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for a given resource.
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For example the default lifecycle for a realm is Class, but it can be changed through the annotation:
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```java
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@InjectRealm(lifecycle = LifeCycle.METHOD)
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ManagedRealm realm;
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@Test
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public void test() {
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realm.admin().users().create(...);
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}
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@Test
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public void test2() {
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Assertions.assertEquals(0, realm.admin().users().list().size());
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}
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```
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When the lifecycle is set to Method the realm is automatically destroyed and re-created for each test method, as seen in
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the above example where one test method adds a user to the realm, but the user is not present in the next test.
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The general recommendation is to use the Class lifecycle for realms, clients, and users. Making sure that individual test
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methods leave the resource in a way that can be re-used. Realms for example with global lifecycle can be harder to
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maintain as individual test classes can break other tests, but at the same time using global resources can be useful
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as it will be more performant.
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## Configuring resources
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Resources are configured by declaring the required configuration through a Java class. This Java class can be an inner-class
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if it's only used for a single test class, or can be a proper class when multiple tests share the same configuration.
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For example to create a realm with a specific configuration:
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```java
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@InjectRealm(config = MyRealmConfig.class)
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ManagedRealm realm;
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static class MyRealmConfig implements RealmConfig {
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@Override
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public RealmRepresentation getRepresentation() {
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return builder()
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.name("myrealm")
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.groups("group-a", "group-b")
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.build();
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}
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}
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```
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The framework will automatically re-create global resources if they don't match the required configuration. For example:
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```java
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@KeycloakIntegrationTest
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public class Test1 {
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@InjectRealm(lifecycle = LifeCycle.GLOBAL, config = MyRealmConfig.class)
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ManagedRealm realm;
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}
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@KeycloakIntegrationTest
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public class Test2 {
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@InjectRealm(lifecycle = LifeCycle.GLOBAL, config = MyOtherRealm.class)
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ManagedRealm realm;
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}
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```
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In this example the realm from `Test1` would be destroyed and a new realm created for `Test2` since different
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configuration is requested.
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## Multiple instances
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By default, a resource does not have a reference, and child-resources are created within parent the resource without a
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reference. For example in the following example `userA` will be created within `realmA`:
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```java
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@InjectRealm
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ManagedRealm realmA;
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@InjectUser
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ManagedUser userA;
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```
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If you need for instance multiple realms within a test you need to set a reference on it, and use this reference for
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child resources:
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```java
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@InjectRealm
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ManagedRealm realmA;
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@InjectUser
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ManagedUser userA;
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@InjectRealm(ref = "realmB")
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ManagedRealm realmB;
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@InjectUser(realmRef = "realmB")
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ManagedUser userB;
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```
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As with resources without a reference if a resource is re-used in another test class compatibility will be checked.
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For example:
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```java
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@KeycloakIntegrationTest
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public class Test1 {
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@InjectRealm(lifecycle = LifeCycle.GLOBAL, ref = "realmA")
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ManagedRealm realmA;
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@InjectRealm(lifecycle = LifeCycle.GLOBAL, ref="realmB", config = MyRealmConfig.class)
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ManagedRealm realmB;
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}
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@KeycloakIntegrationTest
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public class Test2 {
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@InjectRealm(lifecycle = LifeCycle.GLOBAL, ref = "realmA")
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ManagedRealm realmA;
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@InjectRealm(lifecycle = LifeCycle.GLOBAL, ref="realmB", config = MyOtherRealm.class)
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ManagedRealm realmB;
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}
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```
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In the above example `realmA` will be reused both for `Test1` and `Test2`, while `realmB` will be re-created between the
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two test classes since the required configuration differs.
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## Using the Keycloak admin client
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The Keycloak admin client can be injected directly, which is automatically connected to the test server:
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```java
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@InjectAdminClient
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org.keycloak.admin.client.Keycloak keycloak;
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@Test
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public void testAdminClient() {
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keycloak.realms().findAll();
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}
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```
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It is also available directly for a managed resource:
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```java
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@InjectRealm
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ManagedRealm realm;
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@Test
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public void testRealmAdmin() {
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realm.admin().users().list();
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}
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```
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## Using Selenium
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Frequently when testing Keycloak it is required to interact with login pages, required actions, etc. through the
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browser. This can be done in two ways, where the most convinient way is to inject a Java Page representation:
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```java
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@InjectPage
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LoginPage loginPage;
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@Test
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public void testLogin() {
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// Do something to open the login page
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loginPage.fillLogin(..);
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loginPage.submit();
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}
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```
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An alternative approach is to inject the `WebDriver` directly:
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```java
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@InjectWebDriver
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WebDriver webDriver;
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@Test
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public void test() {
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webDriver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB);
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}
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```
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## OAuth Client
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A convenient way to test OAuth flows are with the OAuth Client. This provides convinient methods to perform different
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OAuth flows, and it even automatically creates its own client within the realm. For example:
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```java
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@InjectOAuthClient
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OAuthClient oAuthClient;
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@Test
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public void testClientCredentials() throws Exception {
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TokenResponse tokenResponse = oAuthClient.clientCredentialGrant();
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Assertions.assertTrue(tokenResponse.indicatesSuccess());
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Assertions.assertNotNull(tokenResponse.toSuccessResponse().getTokens().getAccessToken());
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}
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```
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# Running tests
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Tests can be run from your favourite IDE, or from the command-line using Maven. Simply run the tests and the framework
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does the rest.
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## Configuring the test framework
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When running tests there are a few things than be configured:
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* Server type
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* Database type
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* Browser type
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There are a few options on how to configure the test framework, with the following ordinal:
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* System properties
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* Environment variables
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* `.env` file in the current working directory
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* A properties file specified with `kc.test.config` system property or `KC_TEST_CONFIG` environment variable
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### Using system properties
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This is not the most convenient way as it is both cumbersome to set system properties when running tests from the IDE,
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or when running tests using Maven.
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For Maven see [Maven Surefire Plugin documentation](https://maven.apache.org/surefire/maven-surefire-plugin/examples/system-properties.html) on how to
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set system properties when using the Surefire plugin to run tests. A brief example would look something like:
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```xml
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<build>
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<plugins>
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<plugin>
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<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
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<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
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<configuration>
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<systemPropertyVariables>
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<kc.test.browser>firefox</kc.test.browser>
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</systemPropertyVariables>
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</configuration>
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</plugin>
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</plugins>
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</build>
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```
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### Using environment variables
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When running tests from the CLI using environment variables is the recommended way. For example:
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```shell
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KC_TEST_BROWSER=firefox mvn test
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```
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As with system properties, using environment variables within the IDE can be cumbersome.
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### Using `.env` file
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When running tests from an IDE using the `.env` file is very convinient, especially as this can be added to `.gitignore`
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allowing developers to quickly have their own personal preference when running tests.
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Example `.env` file:
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```
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KC_TEST_BROWSER=firefox
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```
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### Using a properties file
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Using a property file allows creating a set of configuration which can be commited to a Git repository to be shareable.
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For example create the file `/path/mytestconfig.properties` with the following contents:
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```
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kc.test.browser=firefox
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kc.test.server=remote
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```
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Then run tests with:
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```shell
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KC_TEST_CONFIG=/path/mytestconfig.properties mvn test
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```
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## Config options
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### Server
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Option: `kc.test.server` / `KC_TEST_SERVER`
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Valid values:
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| Value | Description |
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|--------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
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| distribution | Runs the full distribution of Keycloak in a separate JVM process |
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| embedded | Runs a Keycloak server embedded in the same JVM process |
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| remote | Connects to a remote Keycloak server. Requires manually configuring the server as needed for the test. |
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### Database
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Option: `kc.test.database` / `KC_TEST_DATABASE`
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Valid values:
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| Value | Description |
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|----------|-----------------------------------------|
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| dev-file | H2 database with a file for persistence |
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| dev-mem | In-memory H2 database |
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| mariadb | MariaDB test container |
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| mssql | Microsoft SQL Server test container |
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| mysql | MySQL test container |
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| postgres | PostgreSQL test container |
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### Browser
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Option: `kc.test.broser` / `KC_TEST_BROWSER`
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Valid values:
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| Value | Description |
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|------------------|------------------------------|
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| chrome | Chrome WebDriver |
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| chrome-headless | Chrome WebDriver without UI |
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| firefox | Firefox WebDriver |
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| firefox-headless | Firefox WebDriver without UI |
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