{project_name} provides support for https://www.w3.org/TR/webauthn/[W3C Web Authentication (WebAuthn)]. {project_name} works as a WebAuthn's https://www.w3.org/TR/webauthn/#webauthn-relying-party[Relying Party (RP)].
WebAuthn's operations success depends on the user's WebAuthn supporting authenticator, browser, and platform. Make sure your authenticator, browser, and platform support the WebAuthn specification.
If a user does not have WebAuthn credentials, the user must register WebAuthn credentials.
====
Users can log in with WebAuthn if they have a WebAuthn credential registered only. So instead of adding the *WebAuthn Authenticator* execution, you can:
|The readable server name as a WebAuthn Relying Party. This item is mandatory and applies to the registration of the WebAuthn authenticator. The default setting is "keycloak". For more details, see https://www.w3.org/TR/webauthn/#dictionary-pkcredentialentity[WebAuthn Specification].
|The algorithms telling the WebAuthn authenticator which signature algorithms to use for the https://www.w3.org/TR/webauthn/#iface-pkcredential[Public Key Credential]. {project_name} uses the Public Key Credential to sign and verify https://www.w3.org/TR/webauthn/#authentication-assertion[Authentication Assertions]. If no algorithms exist, the default https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8152#section-8.1[ES256] is adapted. ES256 is an optional configuration item applying to the registration of WebAuthn authenticators. For more details, see https://www.w3.org/TR/webauthn/#dictdef-publickeycredentialparameters[WebAuthn Specification].
|The ID of a WebAuthn Relying Party that determines the scope of https://www.w3.org/TR/webauthn/#public-key-credential[Public Key Credentials]. The ID must be the origin's effective domain. This ID is an optional configuration item applied to the registration of WebAuthn authenticators. If this entry is blank, {project_name} adapts the host part of {project_name}'s base URL. For more details, see https://www.w3.org/TR/webauthn/[WebAuthn Specification].
|The WebAuthn API implementation on the browser (https://www.w3.org/TR/webauthn/#webauthn-client[WebAuthn Client]) is the preferential method to generate Attestation statements. This preference is an optional configuration item applying to the registration of the WebAuthn authenticator. If no option exists, its behavior is the same as selecting "none". For more details, see https://www.w3.org/TR/webauthn/[WebAuthn Specification].
|The acceptable attachment pattern of a WebAuthn authenticator for the WebAuthn Client. This pattern is an optional configuration item applying to the registration of the WebAuthn authenticator. For more details, see https://www.w3.org/TR/webauthn/#enumdef-authenticatorattachment[WebAuthn Specification].
|The option requiring that the WebAuthn authenticator generates the Public Key Credential as https://www.w3.org/TR/webauthn/[Client-side-resident Public Key Credential Source]. This option applies to the registration of the WebAuthn authenticator. If left blank, its behavior is the same as selecting "No". For more details, see https://www.w3.org/TR/webauthn/#dom-authenticatorselectioncriteria-requireresidentkey[WebAuthn Specification].
|The option requiring that the WebAuthn authenticator confirms the verification of a user. This is an optional configuration item applying to the registration of a WebAuthn authenticator and the authentication of a user by a WebAuthn authenticator. If no option exists, its behavior is the same as selecting "preferred". For more details, see https://www.w3.org/TR/webauthn/#dom-authenticatorselectioncriteria-userverification[WebAuthn Specification for registering a WebAuthn authenticator] and https://www.w3.org/TR/webauthn/#dom-publickeycredentialrequestoptions-userverification[WebAuthn Specification for authenticating the user by a WebAuthn authenticator].
|The timeout value, in seconds, for registering a WebAuthn authenticator and authenticating the user by using a WebAuthn authenticator. If set to zero, its behavior depends on the WebAuthn authenticator's implementation. The default value is 0. For more details, see https://www.w3.org/TR/webauthn/#dom-publickeycredentialcreationoptions-timeout[WebAuthn Specification for registering a WebAuthn authenticator] and https://www.w3.org/TR/webauthn/#dom-publickeycredentialrequestoptions-timeout[WebAuthn Specification for authenticating the user by a WebAuthn authenticator].
When registering a WebAuthn authenticator, {project_name} verifies the trustworthiness of the attestation statement generated by the WebAuthn authenticator. {project_name} requires the trust anchor's certificates imported into the [truststore](https://www.keycloak.org/server/keycloak-truststore).
If `WebAuthn Authenticator` is set up as required as shown in the first example, then when existing users try to log in, they are required to register their WebAuthn authenticator automatically:
{project_name} uses WebAuthn for two-factor authentication, but you can use WebAuthn as the first-factor authentication. In this case, users with `passwordless` WebAuthn credentials can authenticate to {project_name} without a password. {project_name} can use WebAuthn as both the passwordless and two-factor authentication mechanism in the context of a realm and a single authentication flow.
An administrator typically requires that Security Keys registered by users for the WebAuthn passwordless authentication meet different requirements. For example, the security keys may require users to authenticate to the security key using a PIN, or the security key attests with a stronger certificate authority.
Because of this, {project_name} permits administrators to configure a separate `WebAuthn Passwordless Policy`. There is a required `Webauthn Register Passwordless` action of type and separate authenticator of type `WebAuthn Passwordless Authenticator`.
. (if not already present) Register a new required action for WebAuthn passwordless support. Use the steps described in <<_webauthn-register, Enable WebAuthn Authenticator Registration>>. Register the `Webauthn Register Passwordless` action.
. Configure the policy. You can use the steps and configuration options described in <<_webauthn-policy, Managing Policy>>. Perform the configuration in the Admin Console in the tab *WebAuthn Passwordless Policy*. Typically the requirements for the security key will be stronger than for the two-factor policy. For example, you can set the *User Verification Requirement* to *Required* when you configure the passwordless policy.
. Configure the authentication flow. Use the *WebAuthn Browser* flow described in <<_webauthn-authenticator-setup, Adding WebAuthn Authentication to a Browser Flow>>. Configure the flow as follows:
+
** The *WebAuthn Browser Forms* subflow contains *Username Form* as the first authenticator. Delete the default *Username Password Form* authenticator and add the *Username Form* authenticator. This action requires the user to provide a username as the first step.
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** There will be a required subflow, which can be named *Passwordless Or Two-factor*, for example. This subflow indicates the user can authenticate with Passwordless WebAuthn credential or with Two-factor authentication.
+
** The flow contains *WebAuthn Passwordless Authenticator* as the first alternative.
+
** The second alternative will be a subflow named *Password And Two-factor Webauthn*, for example. This subflow contains a *Password Form* and a *WebAuthn Authenticator*.
You can now add *WebAuthn Register Passwordless* as the required action to a user, already known to {project_name}, to test this. During the first authentication, the user must use the password and second-factor WebAuthn credential. The user does not need to provide the password and second-factor WebAuthn credential if they use the WebAuthn Passwordless credential.
{project_name} uses WebAuthn for two-factor authentication, but you can use WebAuthn as the first-factor authentication. In this case, users with `passwordless` WebAuthn credentials can authenticate to {project_name} without submitting a login or a password. {project_name} can use WebAuthn as both the loginless/passwordless and two-factor authentication mechanism in the context of a realm.
An administrator typically requires that Security Keys registered by users for the WebAuthn loginless authentication meet different requirements. Loginless authentication requires users to authenticate to the security key (for example by using a PIN code or a fingerprint) and that the cryptographic keys associated with the loginless credential are stored physically on the security key. Not all security keys meet that kind of requirements. Check with your security key vendor if your device supports 'user verification' and 'resident key'. See <<_webauthn-supported-keys, Supported Security Keys>>.
{project_name} permits administrators to configure the `WebAuthn Passwordless Policy` in a way that allows loginless authentication. Note that loginless authentication can only be configured with `WebAuthn Passwordless Policy` and with `WebAuthn Passwordless` credentials. WebAuthn loginless authentication and WebAuthn passwordless authentication can be configured on the same realm but will share the same policy `WebAuthn Passwordless Policy`.
. (if not already present) Register a new required action for WebAuthn passwordless support. Use the steps described in <<_webauthn-register, Enable WebAuthn Authenticator Registration>>. Register the `Webauthn Register Passwordless` action.
. Configure the `WebAuthn Passwordless Policy`. Perform the configuration in the Admin Console, `Authentication` section, in the tab `Policies` -> `WebAuthn Passwordless Policy`. You have to set *User Verification Requirement* to *required* and *Require Resident Key* to *Yes* when you configure the policy for loginless scenario. Note that since there isn't a dedicated Loginless policy it won't be possible to mix authentication scenarios with user verification=no/resident key=no and loginless scenarios (user verification=yes/resident key=yes). Storage capacity is usually very limited on security keys meaning that you won't be able to store many resident keys on your security key.
. Configure the authentication flow. Create a new authentication flow, add the "WebAuthn Passwordless" execution and set the Requirement setting of the execution to *Required*
The final configuration of the flow looks similar to this:
You can now add the required action `WebAuthn Register Passwordless` to a user, already known to {project_name}, to test this. The user with the required action configured will have to authenticate (with a username/password for example) and will then be prompted to register a security key to be used for loginless authentication.
===== Vendor specific remarks
====== Compatibility check list
Loginless authentication with {project_name} requires the security key to meet the following features
** FIDO2 compliance: not to be confused with FIDO/U2F
** User verification: the ability for the security key to authenticate the user (prevents someone finding your security key to be able to authenticate loginless and passwordless)
** Resident key: the ability for the security key to store the login and the cryptographic keys associated with the client application
====== Windows Hello
To use Windows Hello based credentials to authenticate against {project_name}, configure the *Signature Algorithms* setting of the `WebAuthn Passwordless Policy` to include the *RS256* value. Note that some browsers don't allow access to platform security key (like Windows Hello) inside private windows.
[[_webauthn-supported-keys]]
====== Supported security keys
The following security keys have been successfuly tested for loginless authentication with {project_name}:
